岡山區民間信仰探究—以庄頭廟宇為核心

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題名:
岡山區民間信仰探究—以庄頭廟宇為核心
著者: 吳惠卿; Wu, Hui-qing
戴文鋒; none; 台灣文化研究所碩士班
主題: 岡山地區; 民間信仰; 庄頭廟宇; Kangshan area; Folk beliefs; Village temples
描述: 本論文主要以岡山區境內所有庄頭廟宇為探究核心，由各廟宇的建置年代、香火緣起、主祀神的分類來了解聚落跟神明選定的相關影響因素。岡山區庄頭廟宇主祀神大致有媽祖、王爺、清水祖師、關聖帝君、玄天上帝、三山國王、保儀尊王等等，多數是先民所攜來原鄉香火，且牽涉庄社歷史發展因素，少部分庄廟香火分靈自鄰近著名大廟，其中以媽祖、王爺兩類神祇為主要分香者。清朝所建置公廟即有12間，佔全數民間信仰廟宇26%，這跟區域內聚落開發較早密切相關。再者，岡山區主要舉辦建醮或進香廟宇也以奉祀媽祖、王爺、清水祖師、玄天上帝的庄廟為主，一方面是廟宇之間彼此模仿跟進、一方面也顯現出岡山區以上述四類神明為信仰軸心。岡山區各庄廟所舉辦群體性祭典活動及其信徒組織概況是本研究統整分析的重點，尤其是因應岡山區獨特歷史開發背景及土地變更為軍事用地的情勢，而衍生獨一無二的特殊祭典，更是值得探討記錄。此外，岡山區自清朝以來，阿公店溪氾濫，造成市街水患，部分低窪聚落，每到颱風季節便水淹及膝、交通癱瘓，導致人民生命財產安全遭受嚴重傷害，因而某些庄廟不定期舉行的水火祈安清醮，也是一大信仰特色。而民間信仰與社區居民的連結不外乎安太歲、點光明燈、禮斗法會、濟世問事、過限、乞龜等個體性信仰行為，透過綜合整理岡山區29間庄廟所提供之巫術性儀式服務，歸納出各庄廟獨特的運作模式，並進一步統整岡山區民間信仰之特色。
Focusing on the village temples in Kangshan area, this thesis explores the factors influencing a village’s decision of choosing a deity to worship in terms of temple establishment time, origin of worship ritual, and the types of deities. In ancient times, Pingpu Tribes lived in and developed Kangshan. During the Kingdom of Tungning, the Han Chinese immigrants introduced many deities originally worshiped in Fuchien and Guangdong Province into the area. As the immigrants developed lands using a military settlement farming system (tuntien), the developed areas became religious bases. The deities worshiped in village temples in Kangshan are mainly Mazu, Five Loyal Lords, Zushi of Qingshui, Sage Emperor Guan, Supreme Emperor of the Dark Heavens, Lords of the Three Mountains, Revered King of Protecting Ceremony and so on. Most of these deities were introduced by the ancient immigrants into this area and associated with the factors of village’s historical development. Only a small number of deities came from the nearby famous temples and these deities were mainly Mazu and Five Loyal Lords. 12 registered temples, or 26% of all the temples in Kangshan, were built in the Qing Dynasty, and closely associated with the early development of villages in the area. Moreover, the village temples organizing sacrifice offering rituals and pilgrimages mainly worship Mazu, Five Loyal Lords, Zushi of Qingshui, and Supreme Emperor of the Dark Heavens. Such phenomenon explains that temples follow other temples’ actions and the fact that the previously mentioned four deities are the heart of folk beliefs in Kangshan. The sacrifice offering rituals organized by village temples and the composition of believers’ groups are the focal point of the thesis’s analysis. The one-of-a-kind rituals originating from both the unique historical background of Kangshan’s development and the fact that lands in the area were transformed for military use are even worthy of more investigation and recording. Furthermore, since the Qing Dynasty, streets in Kangshan have often been inundated by the frequently flooding Akungtien River. During the typhoon season, some low-lying villages in the area are flooded with water reaching the knee and paralyzing the traffic, causing severe damages to the people’s well being and property. As a result, some village temples organize Shui huo chi an ching chiao (a sacrifice offering ritual for both releasing souls of people dying from water- or fire-related accidents from purgatory, and praying or showing gratitude for the deity’s blessing and protection) from time to time, which is also a religious feature of Kangshan. The folk beliefs associated with Kangshan residents are individual religious behaviors such as An tai sui (when one’s sign of the Chinese zodiac is opposite to Taisui, a deity of misfortune, he/she better undertake An tai sui to turn peril into safety), light Kuang ming teng (lighting a lamp to illuminate the soul to pray for success in everything), Li tou fa hui (a ritual for praying for peace, safety and longevity), Chi shih wen shih (seeking advice from deities), pass Ping an qiao (a ritual of passing the bridge which brings peace and safety) and Chi kuei (providing turtle-shaped cakes as offerings in rituals). By organizing the information regarding the witchcraft ritual services offered by 29 village temples in Kangshan, this thesis concludes the unique operation of every village temple, and goes one step further to sum up the features of folk beliefs in Kangshan.
碩士
建立日期: 2013
格式: 121 bytes
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語言: 中文
識別號: http://nutnr.lib.nutn.edu.tw/handle/987654321/188
資源來源: NUTN IR

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岡山區民間信仰探究—以庄頭廟宇為核心

吳惠卿; Wu, Hui-qing 戴文鋒; none; 台灣文化研究所碩士班 2013

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