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Meta-Evaluation of Water Quality Indices. Application into Groundwater Resources
Alexakis, Dimitrios E.
Water (Basel), 2020-07, Vol.12 (7), p.1890
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題名:
Meta-Evaluation of Water Quality Indices. Application into Groundwater Resources
著者:
Alexakis, Dimitrios E.
主題:
CCME-WQI
;
Classification
;
Contamination
;
Environmental monitoring
;
Evaluation
;
Groundwater
;
Groundwater quality
;
Hydrologic data
;
Hydrology
;
meta-evaluation
;
Methods
;
Monitoring systems
;
NSF-WQI
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Precipitation
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Quality assessment
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Quality control
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Quality management
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Water management
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Water quality
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Water, Underground
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WQI
所屬期刊:
Water (Basel), 2020-07, Vol.12 (7), p.1890
描述:
Until now, there was no simple procedure to test the performance of water quality indices (WQIs) or, in other words, to perform their meta-evaluation. The purpose of this study is to provide a meta-evaluation approach of two widely used WQIs and suggestions for selecting one or both of them for application in groundwater quality assessment as proposed by the European Union. The meta-evaluation concept is based on testing the performance of two widely known WQIs by applying classification of Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and Groundwater Directive (GWD; 2006/118/EC) which was used as a reference. The Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) and National Sanitation Foundation (NSF-WQI) have been selected for evaluation. These WQIs were applied in an agricultural area of the Mediterranean region where six sub-datasets for an entire hydrological year were available. This study uses all the available water quality data (52 monitoring stations × 2 sampling periods × 15 parameters) which is systematically collected at the area studied. The CCME-WQI is a rather strict index since it estimates statistically significantly lower values than the NSF-WQI. Based on the performance of the examined indices, it is shown that, mostly, the CCME-WQI classification findings are close to those of the GWD.
出版者:
Basel: MDPI AG
語言:
英文
識別號:
ISSN: 2073-4441
EISSN: 2073-4441
DOI: 10.3390/w12071890
資源來源:
Publicly Available Content Database
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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