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Determination of foraging thresholds and effects of application on energetic carrying capacity for waterfowl

Hagy, Heath M ; Kaminski, Richard M Margalida, Antoni

PloS one, 2015-03, Vol.10 (3), p.e0118349-e0118349 [同儕審閱期刊]

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  • 題名:
    Determination of foraging thresholds and effects of application on energetic carrying capacity for waterfowl
  • 著者: Hagy, Heath M ; Kaminski, Richard M
  • Margalida, Antoni
  • 主題: Animal behavior ; Animals ; Anseriformes ; Aquatic birds ; Birds ; Carrying capacity ; Carrying capacity (Ecology) ; Conservation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Density ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Environmental protection ; Food ; Foraging behavior ; Foraging habitats ; Habitat conservation ; Habitats ; Mathematical models ; Metabolism ; Migratory birds ; Models, Biological ; Nutrition research ; Parameter estimation ; Population ecology ; Predation ; Prey ; Protection and preservation ; Seasons ; Seeds ; Thresholds ; Tubers ; Waterfowl ; Wetlands ; Wildfowl ; Wildlife ; Wildlife habitats ; Winter
  • 所屬期刊: PloS one, 2015-03, Vol.10 (3), p.e0118349-e0118349
  • 描述: Energetic carrying capacity of habitats for wildlife is a fundamental concept used to better understand population ecology and prioritize conservation efforts. However, carrying capacity can be difficult to estimate accurately and simplified models often depend on many assumptions and few estimated parameters. We demonstrate the complex nature of parameterizing energetic carrying capacity models and use an experimental approach to describe a necessary parameter, a foraging threshold (i.e., density of food at which animals no longer can efficiently forage and acquire energy), for a guild of migratory birds. We created foraging patches with different fixed prey densities and monitored the numerical and behavioral responses of waterfowl (Anatidae) and depletion of foods during winter. Dabbling ducks (Anatini) fed extensively in plots and all initial densities of supplemented seed were rapidly reduced to 10 kg/ha and other natural seeds and tubers combined to 170 kg/ha, despite different starting densities. However, ducks did not abandon or stop foraging in wetlands when seed reduction ceased approximately two weeks into the winter-long experiment nor did they consistently distribute according to ideal-free predictions during this period. Dabbling duck use of experimental plots was not related to initial seed density, and residual seed and tuber densities varied among plant taxa and wetlands but not plots. Herein, we reached several conclusions: 1) foraging effort and numerical responses of dabbling ducks in winter were likely influenced by factors other than total food densities (e.g., predation risk, opportunity costs, forager condition), 2) foraging thresholds may vary among foraging locations, and 3) the numerical response of dabbling ducks may be an inconsistent predictor of habitat quality relative to seed and tuber density. We describe implications on habitat conservation objectives of using different foraging thresholds in energetic carrying capacity models and suggest scientists reevaluate assumptions of these models used to guide habitat conservation.
  • 出版者: United States: Public Library of Science
  • 語言: 英文
  • 識別號: ISSN: 1932-6203
    EISSN: 1932-6203
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118349
    PMID: 25790255
  • 資源來源: Publicly Available Content Database
    Academic Search Premier
    Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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