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Designing occupancy studies: general advice and allocating survey effort
MacKenzie, D.I ; Royle, J.A
The Journal of applied
ecology
, 2005-12, Vol.42 (6), p.1105-1114
[同儕審閱期刊]
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題名:
Designing occupancy studies: general advice and allocating survey effort
著者:
MacKenzie, D.I
;
Royle, J.A
主題:
Animal, plant and microbial
ecology
;
Applied
ecology
;
Biological and medical sciences
;
Cost efficiency
;
Cost functions
;
Design efficiency
;
detection probability
;
Ecology
;
experimental design
;
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
;
General aspects
;
General aspects. Techniques
;
habitat modeling
;
habitat modelling
;
Habitats
;
Human
ecology
;
mathematical models
;
Metapopulation
ecology
;
Methodological Insights
;
Methods and techniques (sampling, tagging, trapping, modelling...)
;
occupancy models
;
patch occupancy
;
population distribution
;
proportion of area occupied
;
sampling
;
Sampling techniques
;
Species
;
species distribution
;
species occurrence
;
Standard error
;
study design
;
Survey design
;
Surveying
;
surveys
;
Wildlife
ecology
所屬期刊:
The Journal of applied
ecology
, 2005-12, Vol.42 (6), p.1105-1114
描述:
1. The fraction of sampling units in a landscape where a target species is present (occupancy) is an extensively used concept in
ecology
. Yet in many
applications
the species will not always be detected in a sampling unit even when present, resulting in biased estimates of occupancy. Given that sampling units are surveyed repeatedly within a relatively short timeframe, a number of similar methods have now been developed to provide unbiased occupancy estimates. However, practical guidance on the efficient design of occupancy studies has been lacking. 2. In this paper we comment on a number of general issues related to designing occupancy studies, including the need for clear objectives that are explicitly linked to science or management, selection of sampling units, timing of repeat surveys and allocation of survey effort. Advice on the number of repeat surveys per sampling unit is considered in terms of the variance of the occupancy estimator, for three possible study designs. 3. We recommend that sampling units should be surveyed a minimum of three times when detection probability is high (> 0·5 survey-1), unless a removal design is used. 4. We found that an optimal removal design will generally be the most efficient, but we suggest it may be less robust to assumption violations than a standard design. 5. Our results suggest that for a rare species it is more efficient to survey more sampling units less intensively, while for a common species fewer sampling units should be surveyed more intensively. 6. Synthesis and applications. Reliable inferences can only result from quality data. To make the best use of logistical resources, study objectives must be clearly defined; sampling units must be selected, and repeated surveys timed appropriately; and a sufficient number of repeated surveys must be conducted. Failure to do so may compromise the integrity of the study. The guidance given here on study design issues is particularly applicable to studies of species occurrence and distribution, habitat selection and modelling, metapopulation studies and monitoring programmes.
出版者:
Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd
語言:
英文
識別號:
ISSN: 0021-8901
EISSN: 1365-2664
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01098.x
CODEN: JAPEAI
資源來源:
Wiley Online Library All Journals
Wiley Online Library Full Collection 2020
連結
View record in Pascal Francis
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