Climate and Society: A Review of the Literature

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題名:
Climate and Society: A Review of the Literature
著者: Konigsberg, Charles
主題: Alienation/Alienated ; Climate ; Climate change ; Climate cycles ; Climate models ; Climatic zones ; Climatology ; Conflict resolution ; Geography and the Social Sciences ; Man/Men (see also Male) ; Nature ; Society/Societies ; Temperature control ; Tropical climates
所屬期刊: Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1960-03, Vol.4 (1), p.67-82
描述: A study of the dilemma of man's alienation from the natural world in which he has evolved as caused by the overwhelming predominance of sci & technology in the modern world, manifesting itself particularly in the ever-increasing mastery by man over nature. Attention is drawn to studies of our natural environment which serve to indicate that the character of man's assault on nature has reflected a failure to comprehend his place within it -- that the technological emphasis represents a very narrow, inevitably incomplete & distorted conception of that relationship. A review of res by Franklin Thomas, Raymond H. Wheeler, Stephen S. Visher, Clarence A. Mills, Ellsworth Huntington, Sidney F. Markham, Marston Bates, Earl P. Hanson, Charles E. Winslow & Lovic P. Herrington in the area of climate leads to a conclusion that to a considerable extent, control of certain climatic effects may, for the human organism, be regarded as a 3-fold problem in engineering: (1) internal control --nutrition, (2) surface control -- clothing, & (3) external control -- construction & air conditioning. The work of Huntington, Wheeler, Mills & Markham concerning the role of climate in human growth & behavior -- the interaction of climate with heredity, cultural phenomena, & other aspects of the natural environment in the development of civilization is noted, esp questions re the apparent psychol'al (& perhaps autonomic) effects on man by climatic phenomena such as weather factors & their variations, sunspot activity & atmospheric radiation, long & shorter-run climatic cycles, etc. Impressive is have been established between climate & human vigor, between `optimum' climatic conditions & industrial, intellectual, & soc achievements -- less convincingly, but signif'ly between climate & the rise & fall of civilizations, & between forms of econ & soc activity. Perhaps the implication is that `natural selection' can never be replaced by human culture in the sense of man's ultimate (organic) position in nature -- not if he is to remain `man.' The work of the authors cited have in common the implication of a general unity underlying all organic (including human) & inorganic activity in the universe -- man becoming manfest as 'the factor in nature which exhibits in its most intense form the plasticity of nature.' Perhaps we may perceive in man's alienation from the natural environment -- this disestablishment of man's organic roots in nature, so strikingly indicated in these studies of climate society -- a basic, if not the basic cause of the loss of humanism so tragically demonstrated in modern times. Modified AA.
出版者: Thousand Oaks, CA: Center for Research on Conflict Resolution, University of Michigan
語言: 英文
識別號: ISSN: 0022-0027
EISSN: 1552-8766
DOI: 10.1177/002200276000400105
CODEN: JCFRAL
資源來源: Education Database
Education Collection
Political Science Database

Climate and Society: A Review of the Literature

Konigsberg, Charles

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